The Effect of Comparability of Accounting Information on the Speed of Obtaining Optimal Commercial Credit: the Generalized Moments Approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran , Iran

2 Assistant Prof, Accounting Dept.Zanjan branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

3 MA..in Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22051/jaasci.2024.45941.1820

Abstract

Purpose: The current research aims to trace the role of the comparability of accounting information on the speed of achieving the optimal commercial credit of companies.
Research Method: to achieve the objectives of the research, a sample of 135 companies admitted to the stock exchange, which were selected according to the systematic exclusion pattern, was collected for a period of 13 years from 2010 to 2022. To test the research hypotheses, a multivariate regression model with the generalized moments approach (GMM) was used. To measure the speed of trade credit adjustment, the model previously developed by Lou (2022) and to measure the comparability of accounting information, the profit-return index was used.
Research Findings: The results of the research hypothesis test showed that the speed of adjustment of commercial credit in the research sample is about 60%, that is, the companies are able to compensate 60% of the gap created every year to optimal commercial credit. Also, the ability to compare accounting information has an effect on the speed of trade credit adjustment, and by improving this factor, the speed of companies achieving optimal trade credit will increase.
Conclusion: The current research provided evidence that the quality level of financial statement information for credit users and suppliers can increase the speed of commercial credit adjustment in reaching the target commercial credit.

Keywords

Main Subjects


افلاطونی، عباس و محمد نوروزی (۱۳۹۹) عوامل مؤثر بر عرضه و تقاضای اعتبار تجاری: رویکردهای ایستا و پویا، دانش حسابداری، ۱۱ (٤٠): 35-59.
افلاطونی، عباس و مرضیه نعمتی (۱۳۹۷) نقش کیفیت گزارشگری مالی و کیفیت افشا در افزایش اعتبار تجاری: رویکرد متغیرهای ابزاری، بررسی‌های حسابداری و حسابرسی، ۲۵ (۱) ۲۰-۱.
افلاطونی، عباس؛ خزایی، مهدی؛ نیکبخت، زهرا(1401) ریسک عملیاتی، توان راقبت در بازار و سرعت دستیابی به اعتبار تجاری بهینه. پژوهش­های حسابداری مالی، 13(4)، 23-40.
آقایی، محمد علی؛ امری اسرمی، محمد؛ ملک زاده، الهام. (1401). اثر کیفیت اطلاعات حسابداری بر رابطه بین محدودیت مالی با بازده سهام و سرمایه گذاری جدید. حسابداری و منافع اجتماعی12(4)، 33-56.
ایزدی نیا، ناصر و مسعود طاهری (۱۳۹۵) بررسی رابطه بین کیفیت اطلاعات حسابداری و اعتبار تجاری، پژوهش‌های تجربی حسابداری، 5(19): 81-101.
بابایی، قادر؛ بادآور نهندی، یونس؛ رضایی، نادر(1400) ارتباط مسئولیت پذیری اجتماعی و قابلیت مقایسه صورتهای مالی با تاکید بر نقش سهامداران نهادی. دانش حسابداری، شماره(47)، صص46-66.
بادآور نهندی،  یونس؛  نظاری ابر،  فیروز؛  دهقان، رقیه. (1398). ارتباط هزینه‌های نمایندگی و سلب منافع سهامداران اقلیت با تاکید بر نقش کیفیت گزارشگری مالی. حسابداری و منافع اجتماعی.9(2)، 1-24.
حسنی، محمد. (1400). تأثیر روابط سیاسی هیئت مدیره و کیفیت انتشار و افشای اطلاعات بر سود تقسیمی شرکت‌ها. حسابداری و منافع اجتماعی.11(4) 157-186.
حمیدیان، نرگس؛ اسحقی، گلنار(1401) بررسی تاثیر قابلیت مقایسه صورت های مالی و ابهام گزارشگری مالی بر ارتباط ارزشی سود و ارزش دفتری هر سهم. مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، شماره(73)، صص86-116.
خواجوی، شکرالله؛ غیوری مقدم، علی و حمیدرضا حاجب (١٤٠٠) بررسی تأثیر اعتبار تجاری بر چسبندگی هزینه‌ها، دانش حسابداری مالی، 8(30): 125-141.
خوشدل، علی (1401) بررسی تأثیر اعتبار تجاری بر هم‌زمانی قیمت سهام. رویکردهای پژوهشی نوین در مدیریت و حسابداری. شماره (84)، صص 677-695.
صالحی، مهدی؛ قناد، مصطفی؛ به سودی، افشین (1396) بررسی تأثیر ساختار نظام راهبری شرکتی بر اعتبار تجاری، پژوهشنامه اقتصاد و کسب و کار، شماره (17)، صص 27-39.
کامیابی یحیی و رضا گرجیان مهلبانی (۱۳۹۵) بررسی اثر سیاست پولی بر رابطه بین محافظه‌کاری حسابداری و اعتبار تجاری در شرکت‌های پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی، (۲۹) ۱۸-۱.
مرادی محمد و سحر کرمی (۱۳۹۸) تأثیر عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی بر رابطه بین تأمین مالی از طریق اعتبار تجاری و ریسک سقوط قیمت سهام، دانش حسابداری مالی، 6 (۲۳): ۹۸-۷۷.
مهدوی، رحمان؛ آذین­فر، کاوه؛ داداشی، ایمان؛ برزگر، قدرت­اله.(1401)، بررسی تاثیر خوانایی گزارش مالی بر اعتبار تجاری با تاکید بر نقش توانایی مدیریت در شرکت­های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی، 11(39)، 195-220.
Abdulla, Y; Dang, V. A; & Khurshed, A. (2017). Stock market listing and the use of trade credit:Evidence from public and private firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 10(46), 391-410.
Abuhommous, A.A. (2021), "Trade credit and the speed of leverage adjustment", Management Decision, 59(8). 1915-1928.
Aflatooni, Abbas and Marzieh Nemati (2017) The role of financial reporting quality and disclosure quality in increasing business credit: instrumental variables approach, Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 25 (1) 1-20. (In Persian).
Aflatooni, Abbas and Mohammad Norouzi (2019) Factors affecting the supply and demand of commercial credit: static and dynamic approaches, Accounting Knowledge, 11 (40): 35-59. (In Persian).
 Aflatooni, Abbas; Khazaei, Mehdi; Nikbakht, Zahra (2022) operational risk, ability to control the market and the speed of obtaining optimal commercial credit. Financial Accounting Research, 13(4), 23-40 . (In Persian).
Aghaei, M. A; Amri-Asrami, M; & MalekZadeh. (2023). The effect of accounting information quality on the relation between financial constraints with stock returns and new investment. Journal of Accounting and Social Interests, 12(4), 33-56. (In Persian).
Aktas, N; De Bodt, E; Lobez, F; & Statnik, J. C. (2012). The information content of trade credit. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(5), 1402-1413
Aldoseri, M. M, Melegy, M. M. A. 2023. Readability of Annual Financial Reports, Information Efficiency, andStock Liquidity: Practical Guides from the Saudi Business Environment. Information Sciences Letters An International Journal. 12(2), 813-821.
Badavar Nahandi, Y; Nezari Abr, F; & Dehghan, R. (2019). The Relationship between Agency Costs and Expropriation of Minority Shareholders’ Interests with Emphasis on the Role of Financial Reporting Quality. Journal of Accounting and Social Interests, 9(2), 1-24. (In Persian).
Barrot, J. N. (2016). Trade credit and industry dynamics: Evidence from trucking firms. The Journal of Finance, 71(5), 1975-2016.
Brochet, F; A. D. Jagolinzer, and E. J. Riedl. 2013. Mandatory IFRS adoption and financial statement comparability. Contemporary Accounting Research 30 (4): 1373–400.
Babaei, G; Pakmaram, A; Badavar Nahandi, Y; & Rezaei, N. (2021). The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Statements Comparability with an Emphasis on the Role of Institutional Ownership. Journal of Accounting Knowledge, 12(4), 43-66. (In Persian).
Chen, C.-W; D. W. Collins, T. Kravet, and R. D. Mergenthaler. 2018. Financial statement comparability and the efficiency of acquisition decisions. Contemporary Accounting Research 35 (1): 164–202.
Chen, C.W.; Collins, D.W.; Kravet, T.D.; Mergenthaler, R.D.(2020) Financial statement comparability and the efficiency of acquisition decisions. Contemp. Account. Res. 2018, 35, 164–202
Chen, D; Liu, M; Ma, T; & Martin, X. (2017). Accounting quality and trade credit. Accounting Horizons, 31(3), 69-83.
Cunat, V. (2007). Trade credit: suppliers as debt collectors and insurance providers. The Review of Financial Studies, 20(2), 491-527.
Dao , Mai, Trung Pham & Hongkang Xu (2022) Internal control effectiveness and trade credit. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 12(59),  1423–1452.
 Dass, N; Kale, J. R; & Nanda, V. (2015). Trade credit, relationship-specific investment, and product market power. Review of Finance, 19(5), 1867-1923.
De Franco, G; Kothari, S. P; Verdi, R. S; 2011. The benefits of financial statement comparability. Journal of Accounting Research 49(4), 895-931
Fang, X; Y. Li, B. Xin, and W. J. Zhang. 2016. Financial statement comparability and debt contracting: Evidence from the syndicated loan market. Accounting Horizons 30 (2): 277–303.
Gonçalves, A. B; Schiozer, R. F; & Sheng, H. H. (2018). Trade credit and product market power during a financial crisis. Journal of Corporate Finance, 49, 308-323.
Hasan, M. M; & N. Alam (2022) Asset redeployability and trade credit. International Review of Financial Analysis, 301-316.
Hassani, M. (2022). The Impact of Political Connection of Board & Information Disclosure Quality on Firms’ Dividend Payout Policy. Journal of Accounting and Social Interests, 11(4), 157-186. (In Persian).
Hamidian, N; & Eshaghi, G. (2022). The Effect of Comparability of Financial Statements and the Opacity in Financial Reporting on the Value Relevance of Earnings and Book Value per Share. Empirical Studies in Financial Accounting, 19(73), 85-115. (In Persian).
Izadinia, Naser and Masoud Taheri (2015). Investigating the relationship between the quality of accounting information and business credibility, Experimental Accounting Research, 5(19): 81-101. (In Persian).
Kamiabi, Yahya and Reza Gurjian Mahlbani (2015) Investigating the effect of monetary policy on the relationship between accounting conservatism and business credit in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, Financial Accounting Research, (29) 1-18. (In Persian).
Khajawi, Shokrollah; Ghaiouori Moghadam, Ali and Hamidreza Hajeb (2021) Investigating the effect of commercial credit on cost stickiness, Financial Accounting Knowledge, 8(30): 125-141. (In Persian).
Khoo , Joye Adrian (Wai Kong) Cheung(2022)Managerial ability and trade credit.TheFinanceReview.57(2)-225-246.
Khoshdel, Ali (2022) Investigating the effect of commercial credit on stock price simultaneity. New research approaches in management and accounting. No. (84), pp. 677-695. (In Persian).
Kim, S; Kraft, P; Ryan, S; 2013. Financial statement comparability and credit risk. Accounting Research 52(4), 955-992.
Kim, S; P. Kraft, and S. G. Ryan. 2013. Financial statement comparability and credit risk. Review of Accounting Studies 18 (3): 783–823.
Luo, H; 2021. Do firms chase trade credit target? Financ. Res. Lett; 102026. 1-10.
Luo, Haowe (2022) COVID-19 and trade credit speed of adjustment. Finance Research Letters. Volume 47, Part A, June 2022, 102541. 1-8.
Ma, B., He, J., Yuan, H., Zhang, J. and Zhang, C. (2023), "Corporate social responsibility and trade credit: the role of textual features", Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, 2(1), 89-109.
Mahdavi, Rahman; Azinfar, Kaveh; Dadashi, Iman; Barzegar, Ghodratollah. (2022), investigating the effect of readability of financial report on business credibility with emphasis on the role of management ability in companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 11(39), 195-220. (In Persian).
Moradi Mohammad and Sahar Karmi (2018) The effect of information asymmetry on the relationship between financing through commercial credit and the risk of falling stock prices, Financial Accounting Knowledge, 6 (23): 77-98. (In Persian).
Myers, S.C. and Majluf, N.S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187-221.
Orlova, S.V; and Rao, R.P. (2018). Cash holdings speed of adjustment. International Review of Economics & Finance, 54(1), 1-14.
Pike, R; Cheng, N.S; Cravens, K. and Lamminmaki, D. (2005), “Tradecredit terms: asymmetric information and price discrimination evidence fromthree continents”, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 32(5), 306-686.
Rahman, D; Muhammad K; Muhammad Jahangir A; Barry O. 2023. Does product market competition influence annual report readability? Accounting and Business Research. 27(2). 220-231.
Salehi, Mehdi; Ghannad, Mustafa; Beh Soudi, Afshin (2016) Investigating the effect of corporate governance structure on business credit, Economics and Business Research Journal, 5 (17), 27-39. (In Persian).
Silaghi, F, Moraux, F.(2021). Trade credit contracts: Design and regulation. European Journal of Operational Research. 296(3). 1-19.
Thuy, C.T.M.; Khuong, N.V.; Canh, N.T.; Liem, N.T. (2022) Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Financial Statement Comparability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10077. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su131810077.1-14.
Wang, C; 2014. Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer. Journal of Review of Accounting Studies 18(3), 783-823.
Wang, Y, B Liu, HK Chan, T Zhang (2023). Who pays buyers for not disclosing supplier lists? Unlocking the relationship between supply chain transparency and trade credit. Journal of Business Research.155(2), 158-172.